Abstract
The use of silicon represents an alternative to enhance crop productivity and quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three silicon sources (potassium silicate, silicon dioxide + orthosilicic acid, and silicon dioxide) and two application methods (root and foliar) on the yield and physicochemical parameters of strawberry cv. San Andreas grown in substrate. Eighteen applications were carried out during the experimental period. The evaluated variables included fruit yield; additionally, polar and equatorial diameter, color, firmness, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, maturity index, and vitamin C content were determined in the fruit. The results showed that silicon dioxide significantly increased fruit yield by 56% compared to the control. In fruits, this source improved firmness (23%), total soluble solids (14%), maturity index (28%), and vitamin C content (104%). Furthermore, the foliar application of any silicon source was 54% more efficient than root application for vitamin C accumulation. It is concluded that silicon dioxide is the most effective source for enhancing strawberry yield and nutraceutical quality, with foliar application being recommended to improve vitamin C accumulation.
References
Abd-Alkarim, E., Bayoumi, Y., Metwally, E., & Rakha, M. (2017). Silicon supplements affect yield and fruit quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in net houses. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(31), 2518-2523. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2017.12484
Abidi, W., Akrimi, R., Hajlaoui, H., Rejeb, H., & Gogorcena, Y. (2023). Foliar fertilization of potassium silicon improved postharvest fruit quality of peach and nectarine [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] cultivars. Agriculture, 13(1), 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010195
Adame-Adame, J., & Morelos-Moreno, A. (2024). Influencia del Silicio en la calidad de fruto de pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum L.) [Memoria]. I Simposio Avances en la investigación básica y aplicada en el Agro mexicano. Loma Bonita, México. 25. https://www.unpa.edu.mx/libros/Memorias%201%20SimposioAgro.pdf
Agapito-Hernández, F. J. (2023). Efecto del silicio en el cultivo de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) [Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro. División de agronomía]. http://repositorio.uaaan.mx:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/49005
Agüero, J. J., M. Salazar, D. S. Kirschbaum & E. F. Jerez. (2015). “Factors affecting fruit quality in strawberries grown in a subtropical environment”. International Journal of Fruit Science 15: 223-234. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2015.1017427
Aguilar, T. M., Volke, H. V. H., Sánchez, G. P., Pérez, G. M., & Fajardo F. M. L. (2019). Concentración y extracción de macronutrimentos en cuatro variedades de fresa. Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas, 10(6), 1287-1299. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v10i6.1552
Alvarado-Cepeda, Y. A., Mendoza-Villarreal, R., Sandoval-Rangel, A., Vega-Chávez, J. L., & Franco-Gaytán, I. (2020). Calidad fisicoquímica y sensorial de frutos de fresas obtenidos en dos sistemas de cultivo. RIIIT-Revista internacional de investigación e innovación tecnológica, 8(43), 18-29. https://riiit.com.mx/ojs/index.php/riiit/article/view/102
Ammar, M. I., & Mohamed, H. H. (2024). Effect of Diatomaceous Earth on Certain Pests as well as Yield Quality of Cucumber Plants Under Greenhouse Conditions. New Valley Journal of Agricultural Science, 4(4), 1-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20250409193559/https://nvjas.journals.ekb.eg/article_392114_128a8207449959c8d6bbc525e0e56396.pdf
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). (2023). AOAC Official method 942.15 Acidity (titratable) of fruit products. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780197610145.003.3390
Arce, R. M. H. (2012). Nutrición silícea en fresa (Fragaria x anannassa Duch.) [Tesis de Maestría, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo]. https://repositorio.chapingo.edu.mx/server/api/core/bitstreams/49121d1c-fa59-4b23-8701-cd2bc87725b0/content
Baglione, L. (2011). Usos de la tierra diatomea. Revista Tecnicaña, 27, 31-32. https://saltonverde.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/tec_no27_2011_p33-34.pdf
Carbajal-Vázquez, V. H., Trejo-Téllez, L. I., Gómez-Merino, F. C., Alcántar-González, G., Sánchez-García, P., Ramírez-Olvera, S. M., & de la Luz, M. (2019). Dióxido de silicio mejora el color y la concentración de licopeno en tomates sometidos a estrés salino. Desarrollo científico en México. 278-282. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333056332_DIOXIDO_DE_SILICIO_MEJORA_EL_COLOR_Y_LA_CONCENTRACION_DE_LICOPENO_EN_TOMATES_SOMETIDOS_A_ESTRES_SALINO
Carballo-Méndez, F. J. (2019). Efecto del silicio en plantas sometidas a estrés salino [Tesis Doctoral, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León]. http://eprints.uanl.mx/id/eprint/18339
Castellanos-González, L., de Mello-Prado, R., & Silva-Campos, C. N. (2015). El silicio en la resistencia de los cultivos a las plagas agrícolas. Cultivos Tropicales, 36, 16–24. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=193243640002
Cázarez-Flores, L. L., Partida-Ruvalcaba, L., Velázquez-Alcaraz, T. D. J., Ayala-Tafoya, F., Díaz-Valdés, T., Yáñez-Juárez, M. G., & López-Orona, C. A. (2022). Silicio y cloro en el crecimiento, rendimiento y calidad postcosecha de pepino y tomate. Terra Latinoamericana, 40. https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v40i0.994
Coskun, D., Deshmukh, R., Sonah, H., Menzies, J. G., Reynolds, O., Ma, J. F., Kronzucker, H. J., & Bélanger, R. R. (2019). The controversies of silicon's role in plant biology. New Phytologist, 221(1), 67–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15343
Cruz, J. P. H. (2018). Respuesta agronómica y fisiológica de la fresa (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) a la aplicación de silicio [Tesis de Maestría, Colegio de Postgraduados]. http://colposdigital.colpos.mx:8080/jspui/bitstream/handle/10521/3058/Cruz_Hipolito_JP_MC_Edafologia_2018.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
De la Cruz-Millán, M. G. (2012). Fertilización foliar con potasio, calcio y silicio en fresa (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). [Tesis de Maestría, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Instituto de horticultura]. https://repositorio.chapingo.edu.mx/server/api/core/bitstreams/47a5adbd-2542-4863-be51-49fe0561f52b/content
Dias, da S. A., Pio, R., Carvalho, R. L. A., Siddique, A. M., Ferreira, S. N., Maranha, P. P., & Milagres, R. C. H. (2023). Silicon application for the production and quality of raspberry fruit in a subtropical region. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 58, e03371. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2023.v58.03371
Dürüst, N., Sümengen, D., & Dürüst, Y. (1997). Ascorbic acid and element contents of foods of Trabzon (Turkey). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45(6), 2085–2087. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9606159
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). (2025). The statistics division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/faostat/es/#data/QCL
Franco-Gaytán, I., Saucedo-Veloz, C., Calderón-Zavala, G., Cruz-Huerta, N., Teliz-Ortiz, D., & Galicia-Cabrera, R. M. (2018). Calidad y vida de anaquel de tres cultivares de fresa (Fragaria ananassa) tratadas con concentraciones altas de CO2 por periodo corto. Agrociencia, 52(3), 393-406. https://www.agrociencia-colpos.org/index.php/agrociencia/article/view/1677/1677
Galati, V. C., Guimarães, J. E. R., Marques, K. M., Fernandes, J. D. R., Cecílio Filho, A. B., & Mattiuz, B. H. (2015). Aplicação de silício, em hidroponia, na conservação pós-colheita de alface americana'Lucy Brown'minimamente processada. Ciência Rural, 45(11), 1932-1938. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140334
Gholami, R., Aguilinategh, N., & Rabbani, H. (2025). Investigating the physicochemical properties of strawberries and classification by an E-Nose during storage. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2025(1), 2322442. https://doi.org/10.1155/jfpp/2322442
Giménez-Martínez, J. M. (2020). Efecto del silicio sobre la productividad de plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) tipo RAF en cultivo sin suelo [Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad de Almería, Escuela superior de ingeniería]. https://repositorio.ual.es/bitstream/handle/10835/9750/GIMENEZ%20MARTINEZ,%20JOSE%20MANUEL.pdf?sequence=1
Gómez, C. R. (2004). Fresa variedad Chandler (Fragaria chiloensis L.). In: Rojas, A. J. M., Peñuela, M. A. E., Gomez, P. C. R., Aristizábal, V. G. E., Chaparro, C. M. C., & López, R. J. A. Caracterización de los productos hortofrutícolas colombianos y establecimiento de las normas técnicas de calidad (pp 145–151). Centro Nacional de Investigaciones de Café. https://biblioteca.cenicafe.org/bitstream/10778/828/16/Fresa%20variedad%20Chandler.pdf
González-Ramírez, M. G., Santoyo-Cortés, V. H., Arana-Coronado, J. J., & Muñoz-Rodríguez, M. (2020). The insertion of Mexico into the global value chain of berries. World Development Perspectives, 20, 100240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2020.100240
He, B., Wei, Y., Wang, Y., Zhong, Y., Fan, M., Gong, Q., Lu, S., Hassan, M. U., & Li, X. (2025). Silicon application improves tomato yield and nutritional quality. BMC Plant Biology 25, 252. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06249-8
Hernández-Juárez, A., Ruiz-Aguilar, M. Y., Aguirre-Uribe, L. A., Ramírez-Barrón, S. N., Pérez-Luna, Y. del C., & Castro-del Ángel, E. (2024). El papel biológico del silicio en cultivos agrícolas: su contribución al control de plagas y enfermedades: Silicio: Defensa biológica agrícola. Revista Mexicana De Agroecosistemas, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.60158/rma.v11i1.421
Hernández-Valencia, R. D., Juárez-Maldonado, A., Pérez-Hernández, A., Lozano-Cavazos, C. J., Zermeño-González, A., & González-Fuentes, J. A. (2022). Influencia de fertilizantes orgánicos y del silicio sobre la fisiología, el rendimiento y la calidad nutracéutica del cultivo de fresa. Nova scientia, 14(28). https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2007-07052022000100101
International Trade Centre (ITC). 2025. Lista de los exportadores para el producto seleccionado Producto: 081010 Fresas "frutillas", frescas. https://www.trademap.org/en/goods/time-series/exports/c/484/c/000/p/081010/byPartner/year/default/direct/values/USD/lines
Jarosz, Z., Dzida, K., Zydlik, Z., Jarosz, M., Kamiński, S., & Pitura, K. (2025). Effect of foliar and root silicon supply on yielding and gray mold incidence in strawberry pot cultivation. Agriculture, 15(4), 401. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15040401
Karaagra, B., & Erogul, D. (2024). Determination of the effect of silicon foliar application on the quality and post harvest resistance of sweet cherry. Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 22(5). http://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2205_46934707
Karagiannis, E., Michailidis, M., Skodra, C., Molassiotis, A., & Tanou, G. (2021). Silicon influenced ripening metabolism and improved fruit quality traits in apples. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 166, 270-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.037
Kim, S. G., Kim, K. W., Park, E. W., & Choi, D. (2002). Silicon-induced cell wall fortification of rice leaves: a possible cellular mechanism of enhanced host resistance to blast. Phytopathology, 92(10), 1095-1103. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2002.92.10.1095
Lazo, S. I. B., Villaseñor, O. D. R., Luna, R. Á. E., Rodríguez, D. I., & Cun, C. J. V. (2024). Efectos de la aplicación de diferentes fuentes de silicio foliar en el cultivo de pimiento, Var: Yolo Wonder. Ab intus FAV-UNRC, 7(13). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13136285
Lee, S. K., Sohn, E. Y., Hamayun, M., Yoon, J. Y., & Lee, I. J. (2010). Effect of silicon on growth and salinity stress of soybean plant grown under hydroponic system. Agroforesty System 80, 333–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-010-9299-6
Li, C., & Wu, Y. (2025). Advances and future directions in biotic and abiotic stress responses of horticultural plants. Horticulturae, 11(11), 1405. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11111405
Li, Y., Xiao, J., Hu, J., & Jeong, B. R. (2020). Method of silicon application affects quality of strawberry daughter plants during cutting propagation in hydroponic substrate system. Agronomy, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111753
Liang, Y. C., Sun, W. C., Si, J., & Römheld, V. (2005). Effects of foliar- and root-applied silicon on the enhancement of induced resistance to powdery mildew in Cucumis sativus. Plant Pathology, 54(5), 678–685. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365- 3059.2005.01246.x
Liang, Y., Nikolic, M., Bélanger, R., Gong, H. & Song, A. (2015). Silicon in agriculture. From theory to practice. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9978-2.
Liu, B., Asiana, C., Wileman, H., Jin, X. & Hall, A. M. (2021). Benefits of using silicon as a nutrient in sustainable strawberry production. Acta Horticulturae, 1309(7), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1309.60
López-Valencia, D., Sánchez-Gómez, M., Acuña-Caita, J. F., & Fischer, G. (2018). Propiedades fisicoquímicas de siete variedades destacadas de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivadas en Cundinamarca (Colombia), durante su maduración. Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria, 19(1), 147-162. https://doi.org/10.21930/rcta.vol19_num1_art:528
Ma, J. F., & Takahashi, E. (2002). Soil, fertilizer, and plant silicon research in Japan. Elsevier Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-51166-9.X5000-3
Ma, J. F., & Yamaji, N. (2006). Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants. Trends in plant science, 11(8), 392-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2006.06.007
Manning, D. A. (2010). Mineral sources of potassium for plant nutrition. A review. Agronomy for sustainable development, 30(2), 281-294. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro/2009023
Markovich, O., Steiner, E., Kouřil, Š., Tarkowski, P., Aharoni, A. & Elbaum, R. (2017). Silicon promotes cytokinin biosynthesis and delays senescence in Arabidopsis and Sorghum. Plant, Cell & Environment. 40,1189-1196. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12913
Martínez-Bolaños M., Nieto-Ángel D., Téliz-Ortiz, D., Rodríguez-Alcazar J., Martínez-Damian M. T., Vaquera-Huerta H. & Carrillo M.O. (2008). Comparación cualitativa de fresas (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) de cultivares mexicanos y estadounidenses. Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura 14(2): 113-119.
https://revistas.chapingo.mx/horticultura/revista/articulos/viewer.html?file=rchshXIV14.pdf
Meier, U., Graf, H., Hack, H., Hess, M., Kennel, W., Klose, R., Mappes, D., Seipp, D., Stauss, R., Streif, J., & van den Boom, T. (1994). Phänologische Entwicklungsstadien des Kernobstes (Malus domestica Borkh. und Pyrus communis L.), des Steinobstes (Prunus-Arten), der Johannisbeere (Ribes-Arten) und der Erdbeere (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes, 46(7), 141-153. https://www.openagrar.de/receive/openagrar_mods_00067136
Moya-León, M. A., Mattus-Araya, E., & Herrera, R. (2019). Molecular events occurring during softening of strawberry fruit. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 615. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00615
Munaretto, L. M., Botelho, R. V., Resende, J. T. V., Schwarz, K., & Sato, A. J. (2018). Productivity and quality of organic strawberries pre-harvest treated with silicon. Horticultura Brasileira, 36(1), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-053620180107
Munaretto, L. M., Silva, T., Vasconcelos-Botelho, R., & Vilela-de-Resende, J. T. (2020). Qualidade de amoras-pretas cv. Xavante tratadas em pré-colheita com silício. Brazilian Journal of Applied Technology for Agricultural Science/Revista Brasileira de Tecnologia Aplicada nas Ciências Agrárias, 13(1). 10.5935/PAeT.V13.e6495
Nada, M. (2020). Effect of Foliar Application with Potassium Silicate and Glycine Betaine on Growth and Early Yield Quality of Strawberry Plants. Journal of Plant Production, 11(12), 1295-1302. https://www.academia.edu/44642120/Journal_of_Plant_Production_Effect_of_Foliar_Application_with_Potassium_Silicate_and_Glycine_Betaine_on_Growth_and_Early_Yield_Quality_of_Strawberry_Plants?auto=download
Najarro, G. C. A. (2025). Efecto de la aplicación foliar de biosílice, boro y zinc en el rendimiento y calidad de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) bajo cubierta. Ayacucho – 2750 m.s.n.m. [Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Nacional de San Cristobal de Huamanga, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias]. https://repositorio.unsch.edu.pe/handle/20.500.14612/8218
Osei, A. F., Jin, X., Abdullah, W. Z. B. W., & Sidique, S. N. M. (2023). Silicon improves strawberry plants nutrient uptake and epicuticular wax formation in a rhizosphere cooling system. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 2023(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.35495/ajab.2022.060
Osuna, Z. A. P. (2023). Efecto de silicio y sustancias húmicas para atenuar el estrés salino en pepino [Tesis de Maestría, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro]. https://repositorio.uaaan.mx/xmlui/handle/123456789/49757
Pacheco, M. G. E. (2023). Efectos de ácidos húmicos y silicio en producción de fresa (Fragaria spp.) variedad “Albión” en diferentes concentraciones [Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Departamento de Horticultura]. https://repositorio.uaaan.mx/bitstream/handle/123456789/49126/Pacheco%20Maldonado%2c%20Gustavo%20%20Eduardo.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y
Patel, H., Taghavi, T., & Samtani, J. B. (2023). Fruit quality of several strawberry cultivars during the harvest season under high tunnel and open field environments. Horticulturae, 9(10), 1084. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9101084
Peña, R. A., & Galecio, J. M. A. (2019). Efecto del silicio orgánico en el rendimiento de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis), cultivada en Somate-Sullana. Revista de Investigaciones de la Universidad Le Cordon Bleu, 6(1), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.36955/RIULCB.2019v6n1.002
Peris-Felipo, F. J., Benavent-Gil, Y., & Hernández-Apaolaza, L. (2020). Silicon beneficial effects on yield, fruit quality and shelf-life of strawberries grown in different culture substrates under different iron status. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 152, 23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.026
Pistón, F., Pérez, A. G., Sanz, C., & Refoyo, A. (2021). Strawberry postharvest shelf life is related to total acid content and fruit firmness. Acta Horticulturae 1309: 869-872. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2021.1309.124.
Plaza-Vanegas, G. R., Bermello-Mendoza, K. O., Cárdenas-Briones, D. K, & González-Cevallos, J. D. (2025). Evaluación colorimétrica y microbiológica de fresas recubiertas con almidón de yuca. Polo del Conocimiento, 10(4), 2049-2063. https://www.polodelconocimiento.com/ojs/index.php/es/article/view/9433
Raffaelli, D., Qaderi, R., Mazzoni, L., Mezzetti, B., & Capocasa, F. (2025). Yield and sensorial and nutritional quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) fruits from plants grown under different amounts of irrigation in soilless cultivation. Plants, 14(2), 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14020286
Rajput, V. D., Minkina, T., Feizi, M., Kumari, A., Khan, M., Mandzhieva, S., Sushkova, S., El-Ramady, H., Verma, K. K., Singh, A., Hullebusch, E. D. van, Singh, R. K., Jatav, H. S., & Choudhary, R. (2021). Effects of silicon and silicon-based nanoparticles on rhizosphere microbiome, plant stress and growth. Biology, 10(8), 791. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10080791
Reyes-Pérez, J. J., Rodríguez-Rodríguez, S., Torres-Rodríguez, J. A., Llerena-Ramos, L. T., Hernández-Montiel, L. G., & Ruiz-Espinoza, F. H. (2023). Biofortificación con silicio en el crecimiento y rendimiento de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) en ambiente controlado. Terra Latinoamericana, 41, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v41i0.1749
Romero, M. R. O. (2019). Aplicación foliar y al suelo de fuentes de silicio para mejorar la calidad postcosecha en limón persa (Citrus latifolia Tan.) [Tesis de Maestría, Colegio de Postgraduados]. http://colposdigital.colpos.mx:8080/jspui/handle/10521/3581
Romero-Aranda, M. R., Jurado, O., & Cuartero, J. (2006). Silicon alleviates the deleterious salt effect on tomato plant growth by improving plant water status. Journal of Plant Physiology, 163(8), 847–855. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2005.05.010
Roudeillac, P. & Trajkovski, K. (2003). Breeding for fruit quality and nutrition in strawberries. Acta Horticulturae 649: 55-60. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.649.7
Sanmartín-Galván, J., Cuenca-Moreno, A., Luna-Romero, Á., Jaramillo-Aguilar, E., & Villaseñor-Ortiz, D. (2023). Efecto nutricional foliar de silicio para el cultivo de banano (Musa spp.) en Ecuador. Agronomía Costarricense, 47(2), 47-56. http://doi.org/10.15517/rac.v47i2.56131
SIAP (Servicio de Información Agroalimentaria y Pesquera). (2025, november 10). Anuario estadístico de la producción agrícola. https://nube.agricultura.gob.mx/cierre_agricola/
Silva, M. L. S., Resende, J. T. V. de, Trevizam, A. R., Figueiredo, A. S. T., & Schwarz, K. (2013). Influence of silicon on production and fruit quality of strawberry. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 34(6Supl1), 3411–3424. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2013v34n6Supl1p3411
Shabani, E., Zivdar, S., Rahnama Ghahfarokhi, A., Danaeifar, A., & Davoudi Arshad, M. (2025). Foliar application of Si-aminochelate: a strategy for increasing P uptake and antioxidant properties of strawberry. BMC Plant Biology, 25(1), 1690. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07735-9
Soriano-Saltos, J. J., Morejón-Troya, F. J., Viera-Aguilera, R. A., Moran-Sánchez, N. L., & Gómez-Gómez, K. D. (2025). Evaluación del impacto del silicio orgánico en el desarrollo vegetativo y la productividad del cultivo de soya. Polo del Conocimiento, 10(6), 799–821. https://polodelconocimiento.com/ojs/index.php/es/article/view/9676
Souleyre, E. J., Iannetta, P. P., Ross, H. A., Hancock, R. D., Shepherd, L. V., Viola, R., Taylor, M. A. & Davies, H. V. (2004). Starch metabolism in developing strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa) fruits. Physiologia Plantarum, 121(3), 369-376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0031-9317.2004.0338.x
Steiner, A. A. (1961) A universal method for preparing nutrient solutions of a certain desired composition. Plant & Soil, 15(2), 134-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01347224
Straaten, P. (2007). Agrogeology: The use of rocks for crops. Enviroquest Ltd. https://www.sgb.gov.br/remineralizadores/media/agrogeologymaster.pdf
Torres-Rodríguez, J. A., Ramos-Remache, R. A., Reyes-Pérez, J. J., Quinatoa Lozada, E. F., & Rivas-García, T. (2024). Silicio como bioestimulante en el cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) y agente de control biológico de Moniliophthora roreri. Terra Latinoamericana, 42, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.28940/terra.v42i0.1817
Treftz, C., & Omaye, S. T. (2015). Comparision between hydroponic and soil systems for growing strawberries in a greenhouse. International Journal of Agricultural Extension, 3(3), 195-200. https://content.scirp.org/pdf/fns_2015111910531217.pdf
Trejo-Téllez L.I., Gómez-Merino F.C., & Alcántar-González G. (2007). Elementos benéficos. In Alcántar, G. G. & Trejo-Téllez, L. I. Nutrición de cultivos. (49-91). MundiPrensa y Colegio de Postgraduados.
Nava-Castro, K.E., & Morales-Montor, J. (2018). Medicina ambiental, respuesta inmunitaria y enfermedades parasitarias: un enfoque en los disruptores endocrinos. In Morales Montor, J., Ponce Regalado, M. D., & Becerril Villanueva, L. E. Nuevos enfoques en el estudio de las Interacciones Neuroinmunoendocrinológicas. (pp. 185-207). Ed. Pandora.
Tripathi, D. K., Singh, V. P., Prasad, S. M., Chauhan, D. K., Dubey, N. K., & Rai, A. K. (2015). Silicon-mediated alleviation of Cr (VI) toxicity in wheat seedlings as evidenced by chlorophyll florescence, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and anatomical changes. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 113, 133-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.09.029
Valentinuzzi, F., Cologna, K., Pii, Y., Mimmo, T., & Cesco, S. (2017). Assessment of silicon biofortification and its effect on the content of bioactive compounds in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa ’Elsanta’) fruits. Acta Horticulturae, 1217, 307–312. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1217.38
Velázquez-González, R. S., Garcia-Garcia, A. L., Ventura-Zapata, E., Barceinas-Sanchez, J. D. O., & Sosa-Savedra, J. C. (2022). A Review on Hydroponics and the Technologies Associated for Medium- and Small-Scale Operations. Agriculture, 12(5), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050646
Voća, S., Dobrićević, N., Družić, J., Duralija, B., Babojelić, M. S., Dermišek, D., & Čmelik, Z. (2009). The change of fruit quality parameters in day-neutral strawberries cv. Diamante grown out of season. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 60(3), 248–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480701706331
Xiao, Z., Yan, G., Ye, M., & Liang, Y. (2021). Silicon relieves aluminum‐induced inhibition of cell elongation in rice root apex by reducing the deposition of aluminum in the cell wall. Plant and Soil, 462, 189–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-04850-y
Yaghubi, K., Vafaee, Y., Ghaderi, N., & Javadi, T. (2019). Potassium Silicate Improves Salinity Resistant and Affects Fruit Quality in Two Strawberry Cultivars Grown Under Salt Stress. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 50(12), 1439-1451. https://doi.org/10.1080/00103624.2019.1621333
Ziogas, V., Bravos, N., & Hussain, S. B. (2022). Preharvest foliar application of Si–Ca-based biostimulant affects postharvest quality and shelf-life of clementine mandarin (Citrus clementina Hort. Ex Tan). Horticulturae, 8(11), 996. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8110996
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2026 Revista Bio Ciencias