Abstract
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of Bacillus subtilis filtrates against causal agents of chili wilt. Siderophore production in filtrates was assessed using the Chromium Azurol S agar assay and the tetrazolium test (hydroxamate type). In vitro assays were performed to evaluate inhibition against Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium aphanidermatum, and Rhizoctonia solani. Disease incidence, severity, and morphometric parameters were evaluated in plants under a randomized complete block design in a greenhouse. The filtrates were positive for siderophores, including hydroxamate-type siderophores, and inhibited 100 % of the growth of F. oxysporum and R. solani at concentrations of 50 % and 12.5 %, respectively, while for P. aphanidermatum, they inhibited growth by 34.85 % at 50 %. Cell damage was observed for F. oxysporum and R. solani at concentrations between 5.1 % and 4.5 %, respectively, with no effect for P. aphanidermatum. In greenhouse, the filtrates significantly reduced disease incidence and severity in plants inoculated with F. oxysporum and R. solani. The use of filtrates produced by B. subtilis represents a viable alternative for controlling chili wilt caused by these phytopathogens.
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