Resumen
El gecko doméstico es un reptil que habita ambientes interiores ocupados por seres humanos y se distribuye ampliamente por las regiones tropicales y subtropicales del mundo. Hay una preocupación por un posible riesgo zoonótico que surge debido a que los geckos se desplazan fácilmente por paredes y techos, y sus heces suelen depositarse en entornos domésticos. Se sospecha que estos excrementos albergan bacterias patógenas para los seres humanos. En este estudio, se caracterizaron las comunidades bacterianas presentes en las heces de geckos mediante la secuenciación de amplicones del gen 16S del rRNA. Las comunidades mostraron una riqueza de especies relativamente baja, con solo 25 especies núcleo. Estas especies, que también se encontraron entre las más abundantes en todas las comunidades, han sido descritas como comensales que habitan en el intestino de otros animales y seres humanos y son anaeróbicas. Es importante destacar que ninguna de estas especies pertenece a géneros típicamente asociados con patógenos humanos.
Citas
Amir, S. E., Naeem, M., Boocock, D., Coveney, C., O’Neill, H. M., Bedford, M. R., & Burton, E. J. (2023). Xylo-oligosaccharide-based prebiotics upregulate the proteins of the Sus-like system in caecal Bacteroidetes of the chicken: Evidence of a stimbiotic mechanism. Poultry Science, 102(12), 103113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.103113
Baldo, L., Tavecchia, G., Rotger, A., Igual, J. M., & Riera, J. L. (2023). Insular holobionts: Persistence and seasonal plasticity of the Balearic wall lizard (Podarcis lilfordi) gut microbiota. PeerJ, 11, e14511. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14511
Bao, X., & Wu, J. (2024). Natural anti-adhesive components against pathogenic bacterial adhesion and infection in the gastrointestinal tract: Case studies of Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella enterica, Clostridium difficile, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2024.2436139
Belloumi, D., García-Rebollar, P., Calvet, S., Francino, M. P., Reyes-Prieto, M., González-Garrido, J., Piquer, L., Jiménez-Belenguer, A. I., Bermejo, A., Cano, C., & Cerisuelo, A. (2024). Impact of including two types of destoned olive cakes in pigs’ diets on fecal bacterial composition and the relationship with feed efficiency, gut fermentation, and gaseous emissions. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15, 1359670. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1359670
Blair, E. M., Margalith, N. J., & O’Malley, M. A. (2025). Microbial enrichments contribute to characterization of desert tortoise gut microbiota. Microbial Ecology, 88(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-025-02557-6
Callahan, B. J., McMurdie, P. J., Rosen, M. J., Han, A. W., Johnson, A. J. A., & Holmes, S. P. (2016). DADA2: High-resolution sample inference from Illumina amplicon data. Nature Methods, 13(7), 581–583. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.3869
Callaway, Z., Thomas, A., Melrose, W., Buttner, P., & Speare, R. (2011). Salmonella virchow and Salmonella weltevreden in a random survey of the Asian house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus) in houses in northern Australia. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 11(6), 621–625. https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2010.0015
Chen, J., Wang, Y., Wang, K., Mei, Z., & Wang, L. (2025a). Exploring the axis of gut microbiota–inflammatory cytokine–atrial fibrillation in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 29(3), e70379. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcmm.70379
Chen, R., Chai, X., Zhang, Y., Zhou, T., Xia, Y., Jiang, X., Lv, B., Zhang, J., Zhou, L., Tian, X., Wang, R., Mao, L., Zhao, F., Zhang, H., Hu, J., Qiu, J., Zou, Z., & Chen, C. (2025b). Novel role of FTO in regulation of gut–brain communication via Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis-produced hydrogen sulfide under arsenic exposure. Gut Microbes, 17(1), 2438471. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2024.2438471
Chen, S., Chen, W., Wang, X., & Liu, S. (2024). Mendelian randomization analyses support causal relationships between gut microbiome and longevity. Journal of Translational Medicine, 22(1), 1032. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-024-05823-2
Cheng, G., Hu, T., Zeng, Y., Yan, L., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Xia, J., Dong, H., Chen, D., Cheng, T., Peng, G., & Zhang, L. (2024a). Enhancing immune response, antioxidant capacity, and gut health in growing beagles through a chitooligosaccharide diet. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10, 1283248. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1283248
Cheng, M., Jia, X., Ren, L., Chen, S., Wang, W., Wang, J., & Cong, B. (2024b). Region-specific effects of metformin on gut microbiome and metabolome in a high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mouse model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(13), 7250. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137250
Cortés-Martín, A., Buttimer, C., Maier, J. L., Tobin, C. A., Draper, L. A., Ross, R. P., Kleiner, M., Hill, C., & Shkoporov, A. N. (2025). Adaptations in gut Bacteroidales facilitate stable co-existence with their lytic bacteriophages. Gut Microbes, 17(1), 2507775. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2025.2507775
Costa, M., Di Pietro, R., Bessegatto, J. A., Pereira, P. F. V., Stievani, F. C., Gomes, R. G., Lisbôa, J. A. N., & Weese, J. S. (2021). Evaluation of changes in microbiota after fecal microbiota transplantation in diarrheic horses. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 62(10), 1123–1130. PMID: 34602643; PMCID: PMC8439339.
David, L. A., Maurice, C. F., Carmody, R. N., Gootenberg, D. B., Button, J. E., Wolfe, B. E., Ling, A. V., Devlin, A. S., Varma, Y., Fischbach, M. A., Biddinger, S. B., Dutton, R. J., & Turnbaugh, P. J. (2014). Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature, 505(7484), 559–563. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12820
Dinsmoor, A. M., Aguilar-López, M., Khan, N. A., & Donovan, S. M. (2021). A systematic review of dietary influences on fecal microbiota composition and function among healthy humans 1–20 years of age. Advances in Nutrition, 12(5), 1734–1750. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmab047
Doyle, J. J., & Doyle, J. L. (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin, 19, 11–15.
Driuchina, A., Isola, V., Hulmi, J. J., Salmi, V. M., Hintikka, J., Ahtiainen, J. P., & Pekkala, S. (2025). Unveiling the impact of competition weight loss on gut microbiota: Alterations in diversity, composition, and predicted metabolic functions. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 22(1), 2474561. https://doi.org/10.1080/15502783.2025.2474561
Efremova, I., Maslennikov, R., Medvedev, O., Kudryavtseva, A., Avdeeva, A., Krasnov, G., Romanikhin, F., Diatroptov, M., Fedorova, M., Poluektova, E., Levshina, A., & Ivashkin, V. (2024). Gut microbiota and biomarkers of intestinal barrier damage in cirrhosis. Microorganisms, 12(3), 463. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12030463
García, E. (1973). Modificaciones al sistema de clasificación climática de Köppen (para adaptarlo a las condiciones de la República Mexicana) (2.ª ed.). Instituto de Geografía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Gibb, K., Schobben, X., & Christian, K. (2017). Frogs host faecal bacteria typically associated with humans. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 63(7), 633–637. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2017-0119
Groussin, M., Mazel, F., & Alm, E. J. (2020). Co-evolution and co-speciation of host–gut bacteria systems. Cell Host & Microbe, 28(1), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.06.013
He, T., Long, S., Yi, G., Wang, X., Li, J., Wu, Z., Guo, Y., Sun, F., Liu, J., & Chen, Z. (2023). Heating drinking water in cold season improves growth performance via enhancing antioxidant capacity and rumen fermentation function of beef cattle. Antioxidants, 12(8), 1492. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12081492
Hoffbeck, C., Middleton, D. M. R. L., Wallbank, J. A., Boey, J. S., & Taylor, M. W. (2025). Culture-independent species-level taxonomic and functional characterisation of Bacteroides, the core bacterial genus within reptile guts. Molecular Ecology, 34(6), e17685. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17685
Hong, P. Y., Wheeler, E., Cann, I. K., & Mackie, R. I. (2011). Phylogenetic analysis of the fecal microbial community in herbivorous land and marine iguanas of the Galápagos Islands using 16S rRNA-based pyrosequencing. The ISME Journal, 5(9), 1461–1470. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2011.33
Jardon, K. M., Goossens, G. H., Most, J., Galazzo, G., Venema, K., Penders, J., & Blaak, E. E. (2024). Examination of sex-specific interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism after 12-week combined polyphenol supplementation in individuals with overweight or obesity. Gut Microbes, 16(1), 2392875. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2024.2392875
Kembel, S. W., Cowan, P. D., Helmus, M. R., Cornwell, W. K., Morlon, H., Ackerly, D. D., Blomberg, S. P., & Webb, C. O. (2010). Picante: R tools for integrating phylogenies and ecology. Bioinformatics, 26(11), 1463–1464. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btq166
Kim, D. H., Jeong, D., Kang, I. B., Lim, H. W., Cho, Y., & Seo, K. H. (2019). Modulation of the intestinal microbiota of dogs by kefir as a functional dairy product. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(5), 3903–3911. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15639
Kläring, K., Hanske, L., Bui, N., Charrier, C., Blaut, M., Haller, D., Plugge, C. M., & Clavel, T. (2013). Intestinimonas butyriciproducens gen. nov., sp. nov., a butyrate-producing bacterium from the mouse intestine. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 63(12), 4606–4612. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.051441-0
Lan, W., Lu, Q., Ma, W., Jiang, Z., Chen, Y., Wang, Z., & Yao, X. (2025). Investigating the causal relationship between the gut microbiome and rheumatoid arthritis: Mediating effects of immune cells. Journal of Translational Medicine, 23(1), 187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06206-x
Li, N., Tan, G., Xie, Z., Chen, W., Yang, Z., Wang, Z., Liu, S., & He, M. (2024). Distinct enterotypes and dysbiosis: Unraveling gut microbiota in pulmonary and critical care medicine inpatients. Respiratory Research, 25(1), 304. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-024-02943-7
Li, N., Wang, S., Li, H., Liu, Z., Mo, H., Luan, J., Guo, N., Gou, X., Wu, Y., & Li, Z. (2025a). Gut microbiota-driven metabolic alterations reveal gut–brain communication of ergothioneine in ameliorating cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 73(27), 16933–16948. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c02557
Li, J., Xu, J., Guo, X., Xu, H., Huang, C., Nie, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2025b). Odoribacter splanchnicus: A next-generation probiotic candidate. Microorganisms, 13(4), 815. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13040815
Li, Y., Li, J., Cheng, R., Liu, H., Zhao, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Sun, Z., Zhai, Z., Wu, M., Yan, Y., Sun, Y., & Zhang, Z. (2023). Alteration of the gut microbiome and correlated metabolism in a rat model of long-term depression. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 13, 1116277. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1116277
Li, Y., Wang, K., Zhang, Y., Yang, J., Wu, Y., & Zhao, M. (2023). Revealing a causal relationship between gut microbiota and lung cancer: A Mendelian randomization study. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 13, 1200299. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1200299
Lin, M., Zeng, C., Li, Z., Ma, Y., & Jia, X. (2019). Comparative analysis of the composition and function of fecal-gut bacteria in captive juvenile Crocodylus siamensis between healthy and anorexic individuals. MicrobiologyOpen, 8(12), e929. https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.929
Lin, X. H., Huang, K. H., Chuang, W. H., Luo, J. C., Lin, C. C., Ting, P. H., Young, S. H., Fang, W. L., Hou, M. C., & Lee, F. Y. (2018). The long-term effect of metabolic profile and microbiota status in early gastric cancer patients after subtotal gastrectomy. PLoS ONE, 13(11), e0206930. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206930
López-Santamarina, A., Cardelle-Cobas, A., Mondragón Portocarrero, A. D. C., Cepeda Sáez, A., & Miranda, J. M. (2025). Modulatory effects of red seaweeds (Palmaria palmata, Porphyra umbilicalis and Chondrus crispus) on the human gut microbiota via an in vitro model. Food Chemistry, 476, 143437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143437
Luo, M., Feng, G., Chen, M., & Ke, H. (2023). Probiotics and immunostimulant modulate intestinal flora diversity in Reeves’ turtle (Mauremys reevesii) and effects of Clostridium butyricum on its spleen transcriptome. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 139, 108908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108908
Mckirdy, S., Koutsos, A., Nichols, B., Anderson, M., Dhami, S., Chowdhury, C. R., Mascellani Bergo, A., Havlik, J., & Gerasimidis, K. (2025). Micronutrient supplementation influences the composition and diet-originating function of the gut microbiome in healthy adults. Clinical Nutrition, 51, 293–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2025.06.020
Morelli, G., Patuzzi, I., Losasso, C., Ricci, A., Contiero, B., Andrighetto, I., & Ricci, R. (2022). Characterization of intestinal microbiota in normal weight and overweight Border Collie and Labrador Retriever dogs. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 9199. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-13270-6
Nagumantri, S. P., Banu, S., & Idris, M. M. (2021). Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of Hemidactylus frenatus during initial stages of tail regeneration. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 3675. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83283-0
Neha, S. A., & Salazar-Bravo, J. (2023). Fine-scale spatial variation shapes fecal microbiome diversity and composition in black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). BMC Microbiology, 23(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-023-02778-0
Nie, Q., Sun, Y., Hu, W., Chen, C., Lin, Q., & Nie, S. (2024). Glucomannan promotes Bacteroides ovatus to improve intestinal barrier function and ameliorate insulin resistance. iMeta, 3(1), e163. https://doi.org/10.1002/imt2.163
Nocker, A., Burr, M., & Camper, A. K. (2007). Genotypic microbial community profiling: A critical technical review. Microbial Ecology, 54(2), 276–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9199-5
Oksanen, J., Blanchet, F. G., Kindt, R., Legendre, P., Minchin, P. R., O’Hara, R. B., Simpson, G. L., Solymos, P., Stevens, M. H. H., & Wagner, H. (2013). vegan: Community ecology package (Version 2.0-6) [Computer software]. CRAN. https://doi.org/10.32614/CRAN.package.vegan
Olías-Molero, A. I., Botías, P., Cuquerella, M., García-Cantalejo, J., Barcia, E., Torrado, S., Torrado, J. J., & Alunda, J. M. (2022). Leishmania infantum infection does not affect the main composition of the intestinal microbiome of the Syrian hamster. Parasites & Vectors, 15(1), 468. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05576-1
Pangga, G. M., Star-Shirko, B., Psifidi, A., Xia, D., Corcionivoschi, N., Kelly, C., Hughes, C., Lavery, U., Richmond, A., Ijaz, U. Z., & Gundogdu, O. (2025). Impact of commercial gut health interventions on caecal metagenome and broiler performance. Microbiome, 13(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-024-02012-7
Parker, B. J., Wearsch, P. A., Veloo, A. C. M., & Rodriguez-Palacios, A. (2020). The genus Alistipes: Gut bacteria with emerging implications for inflammation, cancer, and mental health. Frontiers in Immunology, 11, 906. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00906
Peng, Y., Du, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., Hu, T., Mai, Y., Song, H., Pan, W., Cai, Q., Ge, F., Fan, Y., Kim, H. Y., Liu, D., & Guan, X. (2024). Gegen Qinlian decoction alleviates depression-like behavior by modulating the gut microenvironment in CUMS rats. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 24(1), 339. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-024-04638-4
Portlock, T., Shama, T., Kakon, S. H., Hartjen, B., Pook, C., Wilson, B. C., Bhuttor, A., Ho, D., Shennon, I., Engelstad, A. M., Di Lorenzo, R., Greaves, G., Rahman, N., Kelsey, C., Gluckman, P. D., O’Sullivan, J. M., Haque, R., Forrester, T., & Nelson, C. A. (2025). Interconnected pathways link faecal microbiota, plasma lipids, and brain activity to childhood malnutrition-related cognition. Nature Communications, 16(1), 473. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55798-3
Qi, Q., Liu, Y. N., Lv, S. Y., Wu, H. G., Zhang, L. S., Cao, Z., Liu, H. R., Wang, X. M., & Wu, L. Y. (2022). Gut microbiome alterations in colitis rats after moxibustion at bilateral Tianshu acupoints. BMC Gastroenterology, 22(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-022-02115-1
Qin, Z., Wang, S., Guo, D., Zhu, J., Chen, H., Bai, L., Luo, X., & Yin, Y. (2019). Comparative analysis of intestinal bacteria among venom-secreting and non-secreting snakes. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 6335. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42787-6
Quast, C., Pruesse, E., Yilmaz, P., Gerken, J., Schweer, T., Yarza, P., Peplies, J., & Glöckner, F. O. (2013). The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: Improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucleic Acids Research, 41(D1), D590–D596. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks1219
R Core Team. (2023). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/
Radjabzadeh, D., Bosch, J. A., Uitterlinden, A. G., Zwinderman, A. H., Ikram, M. A., van Meurs, J. B. J., Luik, A. I., Nieuwdorp, M., Lok, A., van Duijn, C. M., Kraaij, R., & Amin, N. (2022). Gut microbiome-wide association study of depressive symptoms. Nature Communications, 13(1), 7128. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34502-3
Ramos, S. C., Kim, S. H., Jeong, C. D., Mamuad, L. L., Son, A.-R., Kang, S. H., Cho, Y. I., Kim, T. G., Lee, J. S., Cho, K. K., Lee, S. S., & Lee, S. S. (2022). Increasing buffering capacity enhances rumen fermentation characteristics and alters rumen microbiota composition of high-concentrate fed Hanwoo steers. Scientific Reports, 12, 20739. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24777-3
Reis, A. C., Silva, J. O., Laranjeira, B. J., Pinheiro, A. Q., & Carvalho, C. B. (2014). Virulence factors and biofilm production by isolates of Bacteroides fragilis recovered from dog intestinal tracts. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 45(2), 647–650. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1517-83822014000200037
Rostaher, A., Morsy, Y., Favrot, C., Unterer, S., Schnyder, M., Scharl, M., & Fischer, N. M. (2022). Comparison of the gut microbiome between atopic and healthy dogs: Preliminary data. Animals, 12(18), 2377. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12182377
Rouskas, K., Guela, M., Pantoura, M., Pagkalos, I., Hassapidou, M., Lalama, E., Pfeiffer, A. F. H., Decorte, E., Cornelissen, V., Wilson-Barnes, S., Hart, K., Mantovani, E., Dias, S. B., Hadjileontiadis, L., Gymnopoulos, L. P., Dimitropoulos, K., & Argiriou, A. (2025). The influence of an AI-driven personalized nutrition program on the human gut microbiome and its health implications. Nutrients, 17(7), 1260. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17071260
Schultz, J. T., Labonte, D., & Clemente, C. J. (2023). Multilevel dynamic adjustments of geckos (Hemidactylus frenatus) climbing vertically: Head-up versus head-down. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 20(201), 20220840. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2022.0840
Shi, K., Zhou, X., Dai, J., Jia, J., Dong, G., Wang, Y., Shen, Y., & Chen, S. (2025). Probiotic Hungatella hathewayi increases host estrogen level via regulation of gut microbiota and host metabolism in sows. Frontiers in Microbiology, 16, 1598365. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1598365
Singh, B. R., Singh, V., Ebibeni, N., & Singh, R. K. (2013). Antimicrobial and herbal drug resistance in enteric bacteria isolated from faecal droppings of common house lizard/gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus). International Journal of Microbiology, 2013, 340848. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/340848
Talpur, M. Z., Peng, W., Zeng, Y., Xie, P., Li, J., Zhang, H., Shu, G., & Jiang, Q. (2022). Effects of phenylpyruvate on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota in broiler chicken. British Poultry Science, 63(5), 670–679. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071668.2022.2061330
Tang, H. B., Qian, X. R., Yang, W. Q., Yang, J. M., Zhang, J. H., & Lu, H. L. (2025). Environmentally relevant concentrations of atrazine had minor impacts on gut microbiota and liver metabolite in juvenile turtles. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 88(2), 158–166. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-025-01112-1
Tremlett, H., Zhu, F., Arnold, D., Bar-Or, A., Bernstein, C. N., Bonner, C., Forbes, J. D., Graham, M., Hart, J., Knox, N. C., Marrie, R. A., Mirza, A. I., O'Mahony, J., Van Domselaar, G., Yeh, E. A., Zhao, Y., Banwell, B., & Waubant, E. (2021). The gut microbiota in pediatric multiple sclerosis and demyelinating syndromes. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology, 8(12), 2252–2269. https://doi.org/10.1002/acn3.51476
Uetz, P., Freed, P., Aguilar, R., Reyes, F., Kudera, J. & Hošek, J. (eds.) (2025) The Reptile Database, http://www.reptile-database.org, accedido el 05 de diciembre de 2025.
Vandeputte, D., Falony, G., Vieira-Silva, S., Tito, R. Y., Joossens, M., & Raes, J. (2016). Stool consistency is strongly associated with gut microbiota richness and composition, enterotypes and bacterial growth rates. Gut, 65(1), 57–62. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309618
Videvall, E., Song, S. J., Bensch, H. M., Strandh, M., Engelbrecht, A., Serfontein, N., Hellgren, O., Olivier, A., Cloete, S., Knight, R., & Cornwallis, C. K. (2019). Major shifts in gut microbiota during development and its relationship to growth in ostriches. Molecular Ecology, 28(10), 2653–2667. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15087
Weinert-Nelson, J. R., Biddle, A. S., & Williams, C. A. (2022). Fecal microbiome of horses transitioning between warm-season and cool-season grass pasture within integrated rotational grazing systems. Animal Microbiome, 4(1), 41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42523-022-00192-x
Wu, L., Wang, J. H., Park, S. H., Cui, Y., Han, K., & Kim, H. (2025a). Synergistic effects of human-origin novel postbiotic Bacteroides & Phocaeicola on obesity and thermogenesis in high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. Beneficial Microbes. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1163/18762891-bja00080
Wu, Y., Shao, Y., Shao, X., Yu, H., Wang, M., Wang, J., She, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, T., Li, Z., & Abd El-Aty, A. M. (2025b). Qingke β-glucan and Lactobacillus mitigate neuroinflammation and enhance cognitive function in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 319(Pt 2), 145427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145427
Xi, L., Wen, X., Jia, T., Han, J., Qin, X., Zhang, Y., & Wang, Z. (2023). Comparative study of the gut microbiota in three captive Rhinopithecus species. BMC Genomics, 24(1), 398. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-023-09440-z
Yang, J., Liu, W., Han, X., Hao, X., Yao, Q., & Du, W. (2024). Gut microbiota modulation enhances the immune capacity of lizards under climate warming. Microbiome, 12(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-023-01736-2
Zha, X., Liu, X., Wei, M., Huang, H., Cao, J., Liu, S., Bian, X., Zhang, Y., Xiao, F., Xie, Y., Wang, W., & Zhang, C. (2025). Microbiota-derived lysophosphatidylcholine alleviates Alzheimer's disease pathology via suppressing ferroptosis. Cell Metabolism, 37(1), 169–186.e9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.10.006
Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Wang, W., Wang, L., Shi, J., Cheng, J., Zhang, J., Li, A., He, B., & Fan, Z. (2025a). Effects of deoxynivalenol detoxifier on growth performance, blood biochemical indices, and microbiota composition of piglets. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(5), 2045. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052045
Zhang, M., Bai, H., Zhao, Y., Wang, R., Li, G., Zhang, Y., & Jiao, P. (2022). Effects of supplementation with lysophospholipids on performance, nutrient digestibility, and bacterial communities of beef cattle. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 9, 927369. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.927369
Zhang, R., Tang, Y., Feng, X., Lu, X., Zhao, M., Jin, J., Ji, X., He, H., & Zhao, L. (2025b). Targeted modulation of intestinal barrier and mucosal immune-related microbiota attenuates IgA nephropathy progression. Gut Microbes, 17(1), 2458184. https://doi.org/10.1080/19490976.2025.2458184
Zhang, W., Li, N., Tang, X., Liu, N., & Zhao, W. (2018). Changes in intestinal microbiota across an altitudinal gradient in the lizard Phrynocephalus vlangalii. Ecology and Evolution, 8(9), 4695–4703. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4029
Zhang, Y., Xing, H., Bolotnikov, G., Krämer, M., Gotzmann, N., Knippschild, U., Kissmann, A. K., & Rosenau, F. (2023). Enriched aptamer libraries in fluorescence-based assays for Rikenella microfusus-specific gut microbiome analyses. Microorganisms, 11(9), 2266. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092266
Zhao, Q., Dai, M. Y., Huang, R. Y., Duan, J. Y., Zhang, T., Bao, W. M., Zhang, J. Y., Gui, S. Q., Xia, S. M., Dai, C. T., Tang, Y. M., Gonzalez, F. J., & Li, F. (2023). Parabacteroides distasonis ameliorates hepatic fibrosis potentially via modulating intestinal bile acid metabolism and hepatocyte pyroptosis in male mice. Nature Communications, 14(1), 1829. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37459-z
Zhi, N., Chang, X., Zha, L., Zhang, K., Wang, J., & Gui, S. (2025). Platycodonis radix polysaccharides suppress progression of high-fat-induced obesity through modulation of intestinal microbiota and metabolites. Phytomedicine, 142, 156653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2025.156653
Zhou, M., Yan, Z., Wang, D., Li, C., Wang, L., Li, R., Yin, J., & Yin, Y. (2025). Isatidis root polysaccharides ameliorate post-weaning diarrhea by promoting intestinal health and modulating the gut microbiota in piglets. Veterinary Quarterly, 45(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2024.2447600
Zhou, Q., Lan, F., Gu, S., Li, G., Wu, G., Yan, Y., Li, X., Jin, J., Wen, C., Sun, C., & Yang, N. (2023). Genetic and microbiome analysis of feed efficiency in laying hens. Poultry Science, 102(4), 102393. https://doi.oUetrg/10.1016/j.psj.2022.102393

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2026 Revista Bio Ciencias