Palabras clave
Queratina
Revalorización
Desechos avícolas
Aminoácidos
Pollo
Cómo citar
Métricas de PLUMX
Resumen
La industria avícola representa una de las actividades pecuarias más relevantes económicamente en México, sin embargo, genera grandes volúmenes de residuos, entre ellos las plumas. Debido a su alto contenido de queratina, representan una excelente alternativa para su valorización. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo extraer y caracterizar queratina de plumas de pollo mediante un proceso optimizado de hidrólisis alcalina asistida por ultrasonido. Se empleó un diseño de superficie de respuesta con tres factores: temperatura (30, 52.5 y 75 °C), tiempo de sonicación (60, 105 y 150 min) y concentración de NaOH (1, 3.5 y 6 %). Las condiciones óptimas fueron 75 °C, 150 min y 3.5 % de NaOH, alcanzando 3.28 mg de proteína hidrolizada/mL. La temperatura fue el factor más influyente en la extracción. El análisis por SDS-PAGE mostró fragmentos de 5–25 kDa, característicos de queratina hidrolizada, mientras que el análisis por HPLC identificó 16 aminoácidos, siendo glicina, serina y alanina los más abundantes. El análisis in silico reveló péptidos con potencial actividad biológica como inhibidores de la Dipeptidil Peptidasa IV y de la Enzima Convertidora de la Angiotensina. En conjunto, estos resultados demuestran el potencial de los métodos alternativos de extracción para la revalorización sostenible de los desechos avícolas.
Citas
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